JavaScript Math Object
The JavaScript Math object allows you to perform mathematical tasks on numbers.
Math.round()
Math.round(x) returns the value of x rounded to its nearest integer:
Math.pow()
Math.pow(x, y) returns the value of x to the power of y:
Math.sqrt()
Math.sqrt(x) returns the square root of x:
Math.abs()
Math.abs(x) returns the absolute (positive) value of x:
Math.ceil()
Math.ceil(x) returns the value of x rounded up to its nearest integer:
Math.floor()
Math.floor(x) returns the value of x rounded down to its nearest integer:
Math.sin()
Math.sin(x) returns the sine (a value between -1 and 1) of the angle x (given in radians).
If you want to use degrees instead of radians, you have to convert degrees to radians:
Angle in radians = Angle in degrees x PI / 180.
Math.cos()
Math.cos(x) returns the cosine (a value between -1 and 1) of the angle x (given in radians).
If you want to use degrees instead of radians, you have to convert degrees to radians:
Angle in radians = Angle in degrees x PI / 180.
Math.min() and Math.max()
Math.min() and Math.max() can be used to find the lowest or highest value in a list of arguments:
Math.random()
Math.random() returns a random number between 0 (inclusive), and 1
(exclusive):
You will learn more about Math.random() in the next chapter of this tutorial.
Math Properties (Constants)
JavaScript provides 8 mathematical constants that can be accessed with the Math object:
Example
Math.E // returns Euler's number
Math.PI // returns PI
Math.SQRT2 // returns the square root of 2
Math.SQRT1_2 // returns the square root of 1/2
Math.LN2 // returns the natural logarithm of 2
Math.LN10 // returns the natural logarithm of 10
Math.LOG2E // returns base 2 logarithm of E
Math.LOG10E // returns base 10 logarithm of E
Try it Yourself »
Math Constructor
Unlike other global objects, the Math object has no constructor. Methods and properties are static.
All methods and properties (constants) can be used without creating a Math object first.
Math Object Methods
| Method | Description |
|---|---|
| abs(x) | Returns the absolute value of x |
| acos(x) | Returns the arccosine of x, in radians |
| acosh(x) | Returns the hyperbolic arccosine of x |
| asin(x) | Returns the arcsine of x, in radians |
| asinh(x) | Returns the hyperbolic arcsine of x |
| atan(x) | Returns the arctangent of x as a numeric value between -PI/2 and PI/2 radians |
| atan2(y, x) | Returns the arctangent of the quotient of its arguments |
| atanh(x) | Returns the hyperbolic arctangent of x |
| cbrt(x) | Returns the cubic root of x |
| ceil(x) | Returns x, rounded upwards to the nearest integer |
| cos(x) | Returns the cosine of x (x is in radians) |
| cosh(x) | Returns the hyperbolic cosine of x |
| exp(x) | Returns the value of Ex |
| floor(x) | Returns x, rounded downwards to the nearest integer |
| log(x) | Returns the natural logarithm (base E) of x |
| max(x, y, z, ..., n) | Returns the number with the highest value |
| min(x, y, z, ..., n) | Returns the number with the lowest value |
| pow(x, y) | Returns the value of x to the power of y |
| random() | Returns a random number between 0 and 1 |
| round(x) | Rounds x to the nearest integer |
| sin(x) | Returns the sine of x (x is in radians) |
| sinh(x) | Returns the hyperbolic sine of x |
| sqrt(x) | Returns the square root of x |
| tan(x) | Returns the tangent of an angle |
| tanh(x) | Returns the hyperbolic tangent of a number |
| trunc(x) | Returns the integer part of a number (x) |
Complete Math Reference
For a complete reference, go to our complete Math object reference.
The reference contains descriptions and examples of all Math properties and methods.
